Analyse spatialisée pour l'aide à la planification des projets de méthanisation collective

Le développement de la méthanisation dépend de plusieurs facteurs. Il s’agit, entre autres, des ressources disponibles, de leur proximité, des caractéristiques de l’économie locale et de leur impact sur le processus de décision. Ces éléments doivent nécessairement être pris en compte pour une mise en place pertinente de centres de production de biogaz. L’analyse menée en Pays de Fougères envisage tous ces points et permet de dégager différents scenarii. / Anaerobic digestion is a biological process offering many advantages: (i) energy production from local resources (ii) emission reduction of greenhouse gases (iii) substitution of fossil energy. In the context of potential development of collective biogas plants in France, the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in order to geolocate the bio-resources appears very interesting and useful tools. Such investigations have been carried out on both national and regional scales but need to be adapted for local diagnosis. For this purpose, a research project was devoted to the development of such methodologies, then applied in the “Pays de Fougères”, a 1000 km² wide rural area located in the north-eastern Brittany in France. Mapping the potential energy of the territory was established from the inventory of available resources (livestock manure, crop residues, sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants, garden waste from drop-off centers, wastes from Agro-food industries and food wastes from school canteens and hospitals). For this purpose, GIS methods have been developed. This study initiates the construction of a GIS model to determine optimal sites for collective biogas plants.